Final answer:
The artificial sweetener derived from the modification of sucrose is sucralose, which is heat stable and noncaloric as it is not metabolized by the body.
Step-by-step explanation:
The artificial sweetener that is derived from modification of sucrose is sucralose. Sucralose is a white crystalline solid that is about 600 times sweeter than sucrose and is heat stable, making it suitable for use in baking. It is synthesized from sucrose with three chlorine atoms substituting three hydroxyl (OH) groups on the sucrose molecule. This modification makes it noncaloric, as it passes through the body without being metabolized.
Unlike aspartame, which is not heat stable and is a methyl ester of a dipeptide made from aspartate and phenylalanine, sucralose can be used in a wider variety of foods, including those that require cooking. Other sweeteners like acesulfame K and saccharin have different properties and uses, but sucralose is the one specifically related to a modified sucrose molecule.