Final answer:
Skillfulness is primarily a result of practice, and this concept is supported by studies showing grit and perseverance outperform inherent talent or IQ in predicting academic achievement. Sociological research also indicates that cultural factors rather than biological sex differences can account for skill disparities between genders.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question prompts us to identify what leads to skillfulness, and the correct answer is Practice. The statement 'Skillfulness is a result of practice, not gender or heredity' highlights that personal growth in any skill is largely due to the effort and repetition an individual invests. This aligns with findings that indicate grit and perseverance are vital for academic success and achievement, potentially more so than innate talent or IQ. Sociological studies support this by showing even minor cognitive differences between genders can often be attributed to cultural factors and society-influenced behaviors, such as parenting styles and play, rather than inherent biological differences.
Culture also plays a significant role in skill development, as demonstrated by cross-cultural studies comparing spatial abilities among different societies. For instance, a study of the Inuit revealed no gender differences in spatial abilities, contrasting with findings from the Temne of Sierra Leone. These variances suggest that social and cultural environments, which describe the opportunities for practice afforded to different genders, can greatly shape abilities.