Final answer:
A given base in mRNA specifies only one amino acid, making the statement true. The genetic code is non-overlapping and unambiguous, ensuring that each codon corresponds to a single amino acid in a continuous and sequential manner, which is essential for accurate protein synthesis.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that the genetic code is non-overlapping and that a given base specifies only one amino acid is True. In the context of the standard genetic code, which is used by almost all organisms, each three-base codon in mRNA specifies only one amino acid. This specification is part of the unambiguous and non-overlapping nature of the genetic code. No individual base is shared between adjacent codons. Additionally, the genetic code is organized in such a way that there are no punctuation or spaces between successive codons; the reading frame moves from one codon to the next without skipping any bases. This ensures that the amino acid sequence of a protein is directly related to the sequence of continuous triplet codons on the mRNA.
Furthermore, it's important to note that although the code is unambiguous, it is also redundant. This means that some amino acids are specified by more than one codon. This redundancy provides a level of protection against mutations during protein synthesis, as a change in one base of the codon might still result in the same amino acid or an amino acid with similar properties being incorporated into the protein.