Final answer:
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) makes up about 80% of RNA in the cell and is crucial for translation in protein synthesis, where it plays a structural and catalytic role in ribosomes.
Step-by-step explanation:
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) in Cellular Translation
The correct answer to the question is C) rRNA. Ribosomal RNA, or rRNA, is a type of stable RNA that comprises about 80% of RNA in the cell. It is a major constituent of ribosomes, which are essential for the process of translation, where the genetic code from messenger RNA (mRNA) is used to synthesize proteins. rRNA ensures the proper alignment of the mRNA and the ribosomes and catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds between aligned amino acids, effectively building the protein chain. While mRNA carries the genetic code from DNA that dictates the protein sequence, rRNA provides structural and catalytic support to translate this code into functional proteins. Transfer RNA (tRNA) also plays a key role in this process by bringing specific amino acids to the ribosome in accordance with the sequence coded in the mRNA.