Final answer:
A plant with 2n = 16 has 8 homologous chromosome pairs in its somatic cells, and a gamete of this plant will have 8 chromosomes, which is half the diploid number since gametes are haploid.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question revolves around the concept of chromosome numbers in ploidy levels within organisms, particularly plants. For an organism with 2n = 16, it means that in its somatic cells, it has two sets of 8 different types of chromosomes, total of 16 chromosomes. Therefore, statement a) is incorrect because the plant does not have 16 different types of chromosomes, but rather 8 types, each present in pairs. Statement b) is true, as gametes are haploid and will therefore have half the number of chromosomes present in somatic cells, which in this case is 8. Statement c) is incorrect, as the plant has 8 homologous chromosome pairs, not 16. In nondisjunction, not all gametes are affected equally, which makes statement d) incorrect too.
So a correct statement about an organism with 2n = 16 would be that a gamete from this plant has 8 chromosomes, aligning with the ploidy level of gametes being 'n' or half of the diploid number '2n'.