Final answer:
The protein responsible for converting interphase chromatin into metaphase chromosomes is condensin, indicated as option d) Condensin. Condensin helps organize chromosomes so they can be accurately distributed to daughter cells during mitosis.
So correct option is d. Condensin.
Step-by-step explanation:
The conversion of interphase chromatin into metaphase chromosomes is accomplished by the protein condensin, which moves from the cytoplasm into the nucleus as interphase ends and mitosis starts. The correct option that fills in the blank is d) Condensin. It is important to understand the role of various proteins during mitosis. While cohesin is responsible for holding sister chromatids together, kinetochore proteins attach to spindle fibers, and topoisomerase helps with the unwinding of DNA, it is condensin that facilitates the condensation of chromosomes as a cell prepares to divide. This process is crucial for ensuring that the chromosomes are organized and can be accurately separated into daughter cells during mitosis.
Here is the correct order of events in mitosis for additional clarification from the provided reference materials: During prophase, the chromosomes condense with the help of condensin, and during prometaphase, kinetochore microtubules attach to each sister chromatid at the kinetochore. As metaphase commences, the chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate, with sister chromatids maximally condensed and attached by cohesin proteins. In anaphase, cohesin proteins degrade, allowing the sister chromatids to separate and be pulled toward opposite poles. This correct option in both parts is clearly d) Condensin.