Final answer:
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is an enzyme involved in the pentose phosphate pathway. Mutations in the G6PD gene can lead to a deficiency of this enzyme, resulting in anemia and reduced susceptibility to malaria. Individuals with G6PD deficiency must exercise caution to avoid triggers for red blood cell damage.
Step-by-step explanation:
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is an enzyme involved in the pentose phosphate pathway that supplies reducing energy to cells, particularly red blood cells. It converts glucose-6-phosphate into 6-phosphogluconolactone and is the rate-limiting enzyme in this pathway. People with mutations in the G6PD gene experience a deficiency of the enzyme, which can lead to G6PD deficiency, the most common enzyme deficiency in humans.
G6PD deficiency can result in the premature breakdown of red blood cells, leading to anemia. Individuals with this deficiency are also less prone to malaria infection, as the mutation provides some protection against the disease.
It is important for individuals with G6PD deficiency to avoid certain foods and medicines that can trigger damage to their glutathione-deficient red blood cells.