Final answer:
Energy intake refers specifically to the energy derived from consuming foods and beverages (option a), not to the energy expenditures such as the BMR, the thermic effect of food, physical activity, or the intake of vitamins and minerals.
Step-by-step explanation:
Energy intake consists of the consumption of foods and beverages, not the basal metabolic rate (BMR), thermic effect of food, vitamins and minerals, or physical activity. The metabolic rate refers to the rate at which the body uses food energy to sustain life and various activities. When a person is at rest, this rate is known as the basal metabolic rate, which accounts for about 70% of an individual's daily energy expenditure and is necessary for the basic functions of the organs.
The BMR is influenced by several factors including age, gender, body weight, and muscle mass. In contrast, physical activity accounts for approximately another 20% of energy expenditure, and thermoregulation requires the remaining 10%. The BMR will be higher in individuals who are more physically active or have more lean body mass, and will generally decrease with age.