Final answer:
Response amplification refers to the behavior toward a stigmatized person that is more extreme than that toward a non-stigmatized but similar person. It is a concept within social psychology that underscores how discriminatory behaviors confirm existing prejudices through confirmation bias. option a.
Step-by-step explanation:
The behavior toward a stigmatized person that is more extreme than behavior toward a non-stigmatized but similar person is referred to as response amplification. This concept is part of the broader discussions on stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination within the field of social psychology. Response amplification involves heightened reactions—either positive or negative—that are disproportionate to the behavior or traits of the stigmatized individual. This can occur, for example, when subtle forms of discrimination, such as selective inhospitality, are displayed toward people from specific racial or ethnic backgrounds. Such behaviors may confirm existing stereotypes and prejudices, demonstrating confirmation bias, where individuals' prejudiced beliefs are reinforced by focusing on information that supports their stereotypes while ignoring contradictory evidence. Societies utilize various protective strategies, civil rights legislation, and cultural shifts to reduce and counteract the impact of discrimination.