Question

Which of the following has been shown to be related to lower prejudice toward an outgroup?

having a friend who has a friendship with an outgroup member
working in a climate that promotes prejudicial norms
participating in the same individual sport as an outgroup member
interacting with a lower status outgroup

Answer 1

Having a friend who is friends with an outgroup member is related to lower prejudice toward that outgroup, as indirect contact can extend the benefits of direct positive interactions, supporting a reduction in prejudicial attitudes.

Step-by-step explanation:

Among the options provided, having a friend who has a friendship with an outgroup member has been shown to be related to lower prejudice toward an outgroup.

This scenario is an example of indirect intergroup contact, which reduces prejudice by extending the benefits of direct contact with members of the outgroup to friends of individuals who have those direct contacts. It's supported by research suggesting that positive contact, whether direct or indirect,

can significantly reduce prejudice and foster positive attitudes through various mechanisms such as reducing anxiety associated with intergroup interactions and increasing the opportunity for re-categorization, in which individuals come to view outgroup members as part of a larger, shared ingroup, thus breaking down barriers and stereotypes.

Prejudice is a negative attitude and feeling toward an individual based solely on one's membership in a particular social group, and is often addressed through strategies that promote social interaction and cooperation, such as the jigsaw classroom method and working toward superordinate goals that require collaborative effort.

Answer 2

Research shows that having a friend who has a friendship with an outgroup member can be related to lower prejudice toward that outgroup. Intergroup contact and joint efforts towards common goals are known to reduce prejudices, as evidenced by the jigsaw classroom method and the Robbers Cave experiment.

Step-by-step explanation:

The question asks which of the following has been shown to be related to lower prejudice toward an outgroup: having a friend who has a friendship with an outgroup member, working in a climate that promotes prejudicial norms, participating in the same individual sport as an outgroup member, or interacting with a lower status outgroup.

Research indicates that establishing intergroup contact and working towards common goals can significantly reduce prejudice. Examples of successful interventions include the jigsaw classroom technique and the Robbers Cave experiment, which both encourage cooperation and shared endeavors among diverse groups.

Studies have indicated that having a friend who is friends with an outgroup member can help to reduce one's own prejudices, as it allows for indirect contact and positive information about the outgroup, potentially reducing stereotypical views and fostering understanding. This is more effective in reducing prejudice compared to working in a climate that promotes prejudicial norms, which may reinforce negative stereotypes and biases rather than dismantle them.