Final answer:
The correct answer is option d. Integrated threat theory addresses prejudice and intergroup conflict by focusing on threats like intergroup anxiety, perceptions of realistic threat, and perceptions of symbolic threat, but not frustration-aggression, which is independent of the threat types included in the theory.
Step-by-step explanation:
Integrated threat theory, proposed by Stephan and Stephan, addresses the psychological sources of prejudice and intergroup conflict. According to the theory, four types of threats are significant in shaping intergroup attitudes: intergroup anxiety, perceived realistic threat, perceived symbolic threat, and negative stereotypes. Intergroup anxiety refers to the discomfort individuals feel in the presence of those from different groups.
Realistic threats are concerns about the potential loss of resources or well-being of the in-group, while symbolic threats involve perceived differences in values, beliefs, and morals. The concept that is not included in integrated threat theory is frustration-aggression, which is another explanation for the function of human aggression and suggests that when goals are blocked, frustration leads to aggression. This concept, however, does not specifically align with the types of threats addressed by integrated threat theory.