Final answer:
The effect of tall people making more money than short people over the course of their careers is real but small.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct statement about the phenomenon of tall people making more money than short people over the course of their careers is option d) The effect is real but small. Research has shown that there is a positive correlation between height and income, meaning that as height increases, income generally increases, however, the effect is not significant and the difference in income between tall and short people is relatively small.