Final answer:
People are least likely to be prejudiced against gays when they understand that sexual orientation is not controllable and is an intrinsic part of an individual. Scientific research supports that sexual orientation is a complex trait with genetic and biological contributions, not a choice or a lifestyle one can change. The correct option is C.
Step-by-step explanation:
Research on the attribution-value model shows that prejudice toward gays is least likely when people believe that sexual orientation is largely due to factors not under a person's control. This understanding aligns with broader research indicating that sexual orientation is not a choice, but a stable characteristic inherent to an individual.
Numerous studies have explored the genetic, hormonal, developmental, social, and cultural influences on sexual orientation, yet no single factor has been definitively linked to determining it. Indeed, claims of conversion therapy effectiveness have been widely criticized and lack credible scientific evidence. Efforts to change one's sexual orientation are generally rejected within the LGBTQ community and the scientific community.
The prevailing scientific view is that sexual orientation involves a mix of various biological, genetic, and environmental factors, but it is importantly recognized as an intrinsic aspect of an individual, not a lifestyle choice. The model of sexuality as a spectrum, rather than a binary classification, proposed by Alfred Kinsey, suggests that individuals cannot be simply categorized as gay or straight.
This concept has significantly influenced later research on sexual orientation. The presence of heteronormative expectations can lead to unintended discriminatory behavior, despite the increasing awareness and acceptance of different sexual orientations.