Final answer:
During transcription from DNA to RNA, adenine (A) pairs with uracil (U) in RNA. It takes three nucleotides or a codon in an RNA molecule to provide the code for a single amino acid. Mutations in coding regions or those affecting RNA processing can be particularly damaging.
Step-by-step explanation:
The student's question involves understanding the transcription process from DNA to RNA and the related structures in RNA molecules. Transcription in prokaryotes and eukaryotes involves the unwinding of the DNA double helix to allow the synthesis of mRNA. The mRNA strand that is produced is complementary to the DNA template strand, with the exception that thymine (T) in DNA is replaced by uracil (U) in RNA. Therefore, in an RNA molecule, adenine (A) pairs with uracil (U), and this pairing would be found in RNA transcribed from DNA, which answers part of the student's question about the RNA-DNA bond correspondence. Additionally, it takes three nucleotides, also known as a codon, in an RNA molecule to code for a single amino acid. This is fundamental to understanding the genetic code and protein synthesis. Mutations in certain regions of RNA can be more damaging than others, especially if they occur in regions that code for essential parts of the protein or affect splicing and other post-transcriptional modifications.