Final Answer:
The philosopher for whom "What is the motive?" is the operative question is Immanuel Kant.
Step-by-step explanation:
Immanuel Kant, a prominent figure in philosophy, centered his mode of thought around the question, "What is the motive?" This question is fundamental to Kantian ethics and is rooted in his exploration of moral philosophy. For Kant, understanding the motive behind an action is crucial in determining its moral worth. He posited that actions driven by a sense of duty and goodwill, rather than mere consequences or personal desires, hold moral significance.
Kant's moral philosophy, outlined in his work "Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals," introduces the concept of the categorical imperative. The categorical imperative is a moral principle that requires individuals to act according to universalizable maxims. In the context of "What is the motive?" Kant emphasizes that the moral worth of an action lies in the goodwill or the motive behind it. Actions motivated by a sense of duty and adherence to universal moral principles, rather than self-interest or external factors, align with Kant's ethical framework.
In summary, Immanuel Kant's focus on the question "What is the motive?" reflects his commitment to understanding the moral underpinnings of human actions. This emphasis on motive distinguishes Kantian ethics from consequentialist approaches, highlighting the significance of intention and duty in ethical decision-making.