Final answer:
Most of the energy emitted by the Sun is generated in its core through nuclear fusion, with energy then transported through the radiative zone and finally the convective zone to the surface.
Step-by-step explanation:
The energy emitted by the Sun is primarily generated in its core, where extreme temperatures (around 15 million Kelvin) allow for nuclear fusion to occur. This process converts hydrogen into helium and releases a tremendous amount of energy. The core, which constitutes less than 10% of the Sun's total volume, is where nearly all of the Sun's energy production takes place within about 150,000 kilometers of its center.
Above the core is the radiative zone, where energy is transported outwards through the absorption and reemission of photons. This zone extends from approximately 25% to 70% of the way to the solar surface. Following this, the convective zone is the outermost layer of the Sun, where energy is mainly transported by the movement of heated gases.
The Sun's photosphere, chromosphere, and corona are components of the solar atmosphere but do not play a significant role in energy generation.