Final answer:
Sanitization does not leave an object free of microbes, so that statement is false. Ionizing radiation can penetrate surfaces, making this true, while moist-heat sterilization is more effective in less time compared to dry-heat sterilization, making the last statement false.
Step-by-step explanation:
Understanding Sterilization and Sanitization
When it comes to sterilization and sanitization, it's important to understand the level of cleanness achieved. Sanitization refers to the process of reducing the number of microorganisms to a safe level, as considered by public health standards. However, it does not leave an object completely free of microbes. Therefore, the statement that sanitization leaves an object free of microbes is False.
Ionizing radiation has capabilities to penetrate surfaces and materials to varying depths, which makes it useful for sterilizing medical devices and food. On the other hand, nonionizing radiation, such as UV light, has limited penetrating power and is primarily used for disinfecting air, water, and solid surfaces, providing a more surface-level decontamination. Thus, the statement that ionizing radiation can penetrate surfaces, but nonionizing radiation cannot is True.
Regarding heat sterilization methods, moist-heat sterilization (like autoclaving) is typically more effective at lower temperatures and shorter time frames than dry-heat sterilization (like using a hot-air oven), as the presence of water conducts heat more efficiently, which leads to quicker destruction of microbial cells. Therefore, the statement that moist-heat sterilization protocols require the use of higher temperatures for longer periods of time than dry-heat sterilization protocols do is False.