Final answer:
Proteins and polysaccharides are the biopolymers that can react with water, in the presence of enzymes, to form smaller molecules through hydrolysis reactions, breaking down into amino acids and simple sugars, respectively.
Step-by-step explanation:
The molecules from the classes of biopolymers that can react with water in the presence of suitable enzymes to form smaller examples of that class are proteins and polysaccharides. These biopolymers undergo hydrolysis reactions, wherein water is used to break the bonds holding the monomers together, resulting in the formation of smaller polymers or individual monomers. During these reactions, complex polymers like proteins and polysaccharides are broken down into their respective monomers, amino acids, and simple sugars, with the aid of enzymes like pepsin, peptidase, and amylase.
Enzymes catalyze both dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis reactions which allow the macromolecules to interact in such a way that they can form or break the covalent bonds between monomers. In dehydration synthesis (also known as condensation), monomers release water molecules as byproducts as they bond together to form polymers. Conversely, in hydrolysis, polymers consume water to sever the bonds between monomers.