Final answer:
John Bowlby viewed infant behaviors such as crying, smiling, and clinging as part of the attachment process between the infant and the primary caregiver.
Step-by-step explanation:
John Bowlby viewed infant behaviors such as crying, smiling, and clinging as part of the attachment process between the infant and the primary caregiver. According to Bowlby's attachment theory, infants form a strong affectional bond with their caregiver, typically the mother, which is necessary for normal social and emotional development. These behaviors, such as crying, are the infant's way of communicating their needs and seeking comfort and security from their caregiver.