Final answer:
The black widow spider has a neurotoxic venom that can cause paralysis in humans. The female spider's venom, composed primarily of laboratories, can induce several symptoms and effects last from 3 to 7 days. Option b is correct answer.
Step-by-step explanation:
Arachnid with Neurotoxic Venom
The arachnid that has a bite or sting that is neurotoxic and can cause paralysis is the black widow spider. The main component of the black widow spider's venom is latrotoxins, which, along with other compounds such as polypeptides, adenosine, and guanosine, can create a range of symptoms including muscle cramps, headache, and nausea. The venom from a female black widow spider can be particularly dangerous to humans due to their larger venom glands. Symptoms from the venom typically last between 3 to 7 days.
Other arachnids, such as scorpions, also have venom that can be harmful to humans, but it is typically not neurotoxic. Scorpions capture their prey using pincers and may inject fast-acting venom to kill or paralyze it. However, only a few species of scorpions are considered harmful to humans. Spiders in general, including the vast majority of spider species, are not harmful to humans and only a small percentage of species can cause serious harm through their bite.
Understanding Venomous ArachnidsArachnids, including spiders and scorpions, have a range of venoms that can affect humans differently. While spiders like the black widow have neurotoxic venom, others like the brown recluse have venom that is cytotoxic. In contrast, other poisonous animals, such as certain types of snakes, may have venoms that affect blood cells or cause a sudden drop in blood pressure. Understanding the specific effects of each toxin is essential for the development of medical treatments as well as effective responses to bites or stings.