Final answer:
Philippe Pinel believed that mentally ill patients could be rehabilitated through kindness and thus ordered chains removed, reflecting the Enlightenment's broader reform movement's ideas on government, law, and society.
Step-by-step explanation:
Philippe Pinel, a leader in the moral treatment movement, ordered that the chains be removed from patients because he believed that mental patients could be treated with kindness and consideration, and that such an environment would promote their healing and rehabilitation. This belief was part of a broader reform movement during the Enlightenment, influenced by ideas that government, law, and society could be reformed. Philosophes at that time also argued that the use of punishment and torture should be questioned. Pinel's approach reflected changing attitudes toward the mentally ill and the inhumane conditions they often suffered, as well as a new understanding of psychological disorders and how they could be treated.