Final answer:
Industrialization led to a shift from extended to nuclear families due to changes in the economic system. Examples include the shift from extended-family labor to wage labor in factories and the role of women during World War II. It also affected gender roles and family dynamics.
Step-by-step explanation:
Industrialization and the Shift to Nuclear Families
Industrialization led to a shift from extended to nuclear families. Previously, extended families were necessary to provide enough labor for farming, but with the advent of industrialization, manual labor on farms was no longer needed. Job opportunities were concentrated in urban areas, where living space was limited. As a result, families became smaller as they moved to cities and adapted to the changing economic system.
Examples of Economic Changes
One example of the economic changes brought about by industrialization is the shift from extended-family groups producing and distributing goods based on their needs, to a system of wage labor in factories. In the factory setting, workers had little control over their work cycles and did not have claim on the goods they produced. Another example is the role of women during World War II, where societal changes required women to work outside the home and contribute to the economy alongside their domestic responsibilities.
Effects on Gender and Family
Industrialization also had significant impacts on gender roles and families. As families migrated from rural to urban areas, they lost the support networks of extended family and neighbors, leading to feelings of isolation. The factory system resulted in men and women working separately, with men going to work and women staying at home in middle-class families.