Final answer:
In sociological research, testable statements about the world that describe a possible relationship between two or more variables are referred to as hypotheses.
Step-by-step explanation:
In sociological research, testable statements about the world that describe a possible relationship between two or more variables are referred to as hypotheses. These hypotheses are educated guesses or assumptions about how variables are related. They allow researchers to make predictions about the outcomes of their study and test whether their explanations hold true through data collection and analysis.