Final answer:
C. Functionalism is the macrosociological perspective that likens society to a biological organism, with each part functioning to maintain the system's stability and survival.
Step-by-step explanation:
The macrosociological perspective that views society as a biological organism where each part has a function promoting the survival of the whole is known as C. functionalism.
This perspective, also called structural-functional theory, is based on the writings of English philosopher and biologist, Herbert Spencer.
Spencer likened society to the human body, where just as organs work together to maintain bodily functions, different parts of society work in unison to ensure its smooth operation.
The various social institutions such as government, education, family, healthcare, religion, and the economy are seen as interconnected parts that meet the biological and social needs of individuals within society.