Final answer:
Ethics refers to a set of standards for what is right and wrong in conduct, and is a discipline that establishes principles for moral rules (a). Normative ethics is crucial in this, providing norms and standards for moral conduct. Joanne's adherence to these standards signifies her ethical behavior.
Step-by-step explanation:
Joanne follows a set of standards for what is right and wrong in her conduct. This set of standards refers to ethics. Ethics is a discipline focusing on the principles that serve as the basis for moral rules. These principles are essential in guiding individuals toward the right behavior. Different principles will result in various moral rules, reflecting the diverse approaches within normative ethics, such as consequentialist, deontological, and virtue ethics.
Normative ethics is crucial in establishing norms and standards for moral conduct to effectively guide our behavior. It deals with questions concerning human agency, responsibility, and moral evaluation. A person is considered ethical if they act in a manner consistent with these basic principles governing moral conduct.
Values, on the other hand, are beliefs and evaluations about morality, politics, and social issues, and they express what people think ought to be the case. Therefore, we can differentiate values from ethics in that values are more about personal judgments and convictions, whereas ethics are the studied principles guiding moral behavior.