Final answer:
Accountability in managerial performance is accompanied by responsibility, which is the personal obligation to effectively and ethically fulfill one's role, contrasting with micromanagement or centralization. Autonomy is deemed vital for job satisfaction, and bureaucracies strive for efficiency.
Step-by-step explanation:
b) Responsibility. Accountability in managerial performance is always accompanied by responsibility. This means that managers are held answerable for their actions and the outcomes they achieve. They are given certain autonomy to make decisions and lead their teams, but with that comes the expectation of fulfilling their duties and achieving results. Unlike micromanagement, where a manager may closely control employees' work, or centralization, which concentrates decision-making power at the top, responsibility entails the personal obligation to carry out one's role effectively and ethically.
Jobs may differ in how freedom is granted, but it is understood that regardless of the level of oversight, one must meet the expectations set forth. In relation to other concepts, the internal locus of control, known as self-regulation, describes the degree to which individuals believe that they have control over the outcome of events in their lives. Bureaucracies aim for increased efficiency and productivity, while avoiding coercive membership. Lastly, autonomy has been identified as the most predictive factor of overall job satisfaction, showcasing its importance in the workplace.