Final answer:
The cerebellum is the region of the brain that controls posture, balance, coordination, and procedural memory, playing a vital role in motor tasks and movement.
Step-by-step explanation:
The region of the brain involved in control of posture is the cerebellum. The cerebellum, often referred to as the 'little brain,' is located at the base of the brain, sitting on top of the brainstem. This critical area is responsible for controlling balance and coordinating movement, which includes postural stability and even learning new motor tasks.
It receives messages from the muscles, tendons, joints, and inner ear structures to help maintain balance and coordinate body movements. Furthermore, the cerebellum is important for procedural memory, which is involved in learning how to perform tasks.