Final answer:
Option D: The false statement about atmospheric convection currents is that they are circulations of air between Earth's surface and the atmosphere.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that is NOT true about the atmospheric convection currents is that 'they are the circulations of air between the surface of the Earth and the atmosphere'. Atmospheric convection currents are indeed involved in the circulation patterns around the poles, and they critically influence the locations of Earth's deserts and rainforests by distributing heat and moisture around the planet.
Atmospheric convection is a process driven by the large-scale flow of matter, caused by the flow of hot air from the tropics to the poles and cold air from the poles toward the tropics. This movement is influenced by Earth's rotation, which produces an easterly flow of air in the northern hemisphere, and is affected by features such as the Coriolis effect, which helps to distribute heat more evenly over the planet. Moreover, on a geological timescale, the location of continents affects oceanic and atmospheric circulation patterns, which in turn influence the Earth's climate system.