Final answer:
A program invocation requiring address space and resources is a process object. This concept is essential in understanding how operating systems manage the execution of programs, by allocating resources and isolating activities of different processes.
Step-by-step explanation:
A program invocation, including the address space and resources required to run the program is a process object. In computing, when a program is executed, the operating system creates a process which includes the program code, a block of memory addresses dedicated to its execution, and resources such as open files and network connections. This encapsulation enables the operating system to manage the program's execution efficiently, allocating CPU time and memory, while also isolating the program's activities from those of other processes.
Processes are fundamental objects in operating systems, often visualized and managed through tools like the Task Manager in Windows or the 'ps' command in Unix-like systems. For instance, when you run a text editor, a process is created specifically for it. This process ensures that the text editor has access to the CPU, memory, and I/O resources it needs to function. If multiple instances of the text editor are run, each instance will be a separate process.