Final answer:
Deadlock-prevention or avoidance strategies in the field of Computers and Technology involve conservative methods to ensure processes do not enter a state of deadlock by limiting resource access and imposing strict order for resource requests.
Step-by-step explanation:
The strategies being referred to in the question are deadlock-prevention or avoidance strategies. These strategies are crucial in operating systems and other concurrent execution environments for ensuring that processes do not enter a state of deadlock, where each is waiting for a resource held by another, thus never progressing. Under these strategies, access to resources is limited and certain requirements must be met before a process can claim resources.
To prevent deadlock, one could apply various methods such as requiring processes to request all required resources at the start of execution or imposing a strict order in which resources must be requested. These restrictions ensure that deadlocks are theoretically impossible, as the circular wait condition cannot occur. However, these methods can lead to resource underutilization and limit the concurrency in the system. They must be designed carefully to strike the right balance between concurrency and safety. Avoidance strategies, on the other hand, allow more flexibility. They keep track of resource allocation states to avoid unsafe states that could lead to deadlock.