Final answer:
The constructionist approach to deviance focuses on how societal reactions shape what is considered deviant, rejecting objective definitions as deviant behaviors vary across societies. The correct answer is option c. It examines how societal reactions shape deviant behavior.
Step-by-step explanation:
The constructionist approach to deviance is centered around the idea that deviance is not a quality inherent in an act, but rather a result of the social response to that act. In other words, it examines how societal reactions shape what is considered deviant behavior.
The constructionist approach rejects the notion of objective and universal definitions of deviance, recognizing that what is seen as deviant varies widely across different cultures and societies. An example can be seen in different cultural responses to finding a lost wallet; some societies may deem keeping it as acceptable, while others would consider it deviant and expect it to be turned over to local authorities.
Given the options presented in the question, the best description of the constructionist approach to deviance is c. It examines how societal reactions shape deviant behavior.