Final answer:
The correct answer is option c. Reference group. It is considered the social group that individuals use as a standard for evaluating themselves and for determining appropriate behaviors.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question is asking to identify a group that individuals often look to as a standard for shaping their behavior and to which they compare themselves. c. Reference group is the correct answer. A reference group is a social group that serves as a point of reference in making evaluations and decisions. People compare themselves to these groups, adopt their norms, and seek to align their behavior with the group's standards.
On the other hand, secondary groups are larger and more impersonal, often task-focused relationships, a formal organization is a large, impersonal organization with structured rules, and a primary group is typically small, consisting of emotional, close, face-to-face relationships.