Final answer:
Structural functionalism views deviance as necessary for social solidarity and stability, as it reinforces social norms and fosters unity by highlighting what behaviors are seen as unacceptable in a society. The correct option is B.
Step-by-step explanation:
The theoretical perspective that views deviance as necessary for social solidarity and stability is b. Structural functionalism. According to structural functionalists, every aspect of a society, including deviance, serves a function. Émile Durkheim, a key figure in functionalism, argued that deviance is essential because it reinforces social boundaries and increases cohesion by differentiating between acceptable and unacceptable behaviors.
In contrast, conflict theory tends to focus on social issues as products of inequality and struggles between groups, symbolic interactionism focuses on the meanings and interpretations of individual's actions, and social constructionism on how social realities are constructed through shared understandings.