Final answer:
The valley tribes were the group of California Indians most impacted by genocidal campaigns. The Anasazi built lasting cliff dwellings, the Cherokee experienced the Trail of Tears, and the Inca created an extensive road system. Land seizures were a major method of depriving Hispanic citizens of their wealth during Western settlement. The correct option is D. Valley tribes
Step-by-step explanation:
The California Indians that were especially hard hit by the genocidal campaigns were valley tribes. These groups were profoundly affected by the expansion and violence that happened during that time period. In the historical context of Native American peoples, the Anasazi were known for building homes in cliff dwellings that still exist today. The forced removal of the Cherokee tribe from Georgia to Oklahoma is referred to as the Trail of Tears. The Inca developed a road system that rivaled that of the Romans.
Hispanic citizens were deprived of their wealth and land in the course of western settlement mainly due to land seizures. The California peoples were politically organized into tribes led by chiefs, and their economy involved large trade networks. Despite being hunter/gatherers, these groups were able to maintain semi-sedentary villages and complex societies, often with a more varied diet than agriculturalists.
The devastation of Native Americans by diseases like smallpox stems from their lack of immunity to European diseases, which they had not previously encountered and therefore had no natural resistance against. The correct option is D. Valley tribes