Final answer:
Peak-load pricing and off-peak discounts are implemented to reduce demand during a peak period without reducing profitability.
Step-by-step explanation:
The purpose of peak-load pricing and off-peak discounts is to reduce demand during a peak period without reducing profitability. By implementing higher prices during peak periods, it encourages customers to shift their demand to off-peak times when prices are lower. This helps to balance the demand and reduce congestion during peak periods without sacrificing profitability.