Final answer:
The external perspective focuses on environmental and situational factors influencing behavior, contrasting with dispositionism which emphasizes internal traits. The correct option is 2.
Step-by-step explanation:
The perspective that focuses on factors outside an individual to understand behavior is the external perspective. This approach considers how the environment and contextual variables, such as cultural influences and social roles, shape behavior. Behaviorists like B. F. Skinner argue that personality and consistent behavior patterns are the result of environmental factors rather than inborn traits.
This contrasts with dispositionism which attributes behavior to internal factors such as personality traits and temperament. A modern approach in psychology combines both internal and situational factors, acknowledging their complex interaction in influencing human behavior.