Final answer:
C) Nernst equation. The equilibrium potential of an ion can be accurately calculated using the Nernst equation, which considers ion concentration gradients, temperature,
Step-by-step explanation:
The ion's equilibrium potential can be determined using the Nernst equation. This equation enables the calculation of an ion's equilibrium potential by considering the temperatures, charges, and concentration gradients of the ion across a membrane. It is a fundamental equation in electrochemistry and physiology that allows us to understand how electrical and chemical gradients contribute to the potential across a cell membrane. The Nernst equation is critical for studying topics such as neuronal firing in biology and the operation of batteries in chemistry.
Other options listed, such as the Navier-Stokes equation, are not relevant since they deal with fluid dynamics rather than ion dynamics. An intracellular voltmeter or an oscilloscope can measure potential differences but do not determine equilibrium potential. The concentration of an ion alone is insufficient to calculate the equilibrium potential since the equation also requires other variables like temperature and charge.