Final answer:
Richard incurs a realized gain of $5,000.
Step-by-step explanation:
To determine whether Richard incurred a realized gain or loss, we need to compare the selling price ($13,000) to the adjusted basis ($8,000). If the selling price is higher than the adjusted basis, it indicates a gain.
If the selling price is lower than the adjusted basis, it indicates a loss. In this case, since $13,000 is higher than $8,000, Richard incurs a realized gain of $5,000.
However, to determine whether Richard incurs a recognized gain or loss, we need to consider any tax implications. If Richard sells the stock and recognizes the gain for tax purposes, then he would also incur a recognized gain of $5,000.
If Richard does not recognize the gain for tax purposes, then he would not incur a recognized gain. Therefore, it is possible for Richard to incur a realized gain of $5,000 but not necessarily a recognized gain.
Therefore, the correct statement is: Richard incurs a realized gain of $5,000.