Final answer:
Atherosclerosis is a condition in which arteries are clogged by the buildup of plaque, which thickens and stiffens the walls, leading to restricted blood flow and potential heart attacks or strokes.
Step-by-step explanation:
Atherosclerosis Overview
The condition in which a thick, hard deposit clogs the arteries is known as atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is characterized by the buildup of plaque inside arteries. The plaque, consisting of white blood cells, cholesterol, calcium, and other fats, leads to the thickening and stiffening of the arterial walls. This process narrows the lumen inside the arteries, compromising blood flow and potentially leading to serious health complications such as heart attacks and strokes.
Atherosclerosis often begins in late childhood and can be found in most major arteries without early symptoms. It is primarily caused by factors such as a high-fat diet, high cholesterol, smoking, obesity, and diabetes. The condition becomes particularly dangerous when plaque buildup significantly reduces blood circulation to the heart or brain.