Final answer:
The correct term for gaining control of government by winning elections across different levels and thereby achieving party goals is 'Party realignment'. This usually occurs during critical elections that lead to a significant shift in the electorate's allegiance to political parties.
Step-by-step explanation:
The student's question seems to be describing the concept of how a political party gains control of government by winning elections and achieving party goals, after having won all statewide offices and control of both the Senate and the House of Representatives. The correct term for this process, given the options provided, would be C. Party realignment, which refers to a significant and lasting shift in the electoral base and allegiance to political parties.
Party realignment often occurs during critical elections that represent a clear and long-term shift in voter preferences, which could potentially lead to a party winning across different levels of government. An example of this is the 1932 election when the Democratic Party won the presidency as well as the majority in Congress, marking a significant shift towards the Democratic Party that lasted for decades.
The other options provided, such as direct primary, plurality, and Electoral College, describe different components of the electoral process but are not specifically about winning control of government or achieving party goals through sweep elections.