Final answer:
Which describes a government structure with a strong, centralized state and executive power where local governments operate under the authority of the central government, distinct from federal and confederate systems. The correct answer is B. Unitarism
Step-by-step explanation:
Unitarian as a Government Structure
When discussing a government system that is characterized by a strengthened state government with a strong, centralized executive and annual legislative sessions, the closest match is Unitarism (B). Unitarism means that the central government holds the primary authority, and any local or regional governments are under its control or authority. This is opposed to a federal system where power is shared between the central and local governments or a confederation where the central authority is weak and the individual states or provinces retain significant power.
Unitary systems are prevalent in nations where a strong national identity exists, and there is little opposition to centralized control. The national government in unitary states typically has significant influence over the political and administrative aspects of the state, sometimes with a pathway for decentralization through the process of devolution, such as in the United Kingdom.
In contrast, federal systems like the United States balance power between a central government and individual states. This system suits countries with diverse ethnic or national identities by granting a degree of autonomy to regional populations. A confederation represents an even looser union where the central authority is especially weak, and the individual member states operate with a high degree of independence. The correct answer is B. Unitarism