Final Answer:
In Germany, Otto von Bismark developed and implemented a system of universal health care for all Germans in 1871.Thus, the correct answer is b. 1871.
Step-by-step explanation:
Otto von Bismarck, the Chancellor of Germany, was instrumental in establishing a system of universal health care for all Germans in 1871. This initiative came as a part of his broader social welfare policies aimed at unifying the newly formed German Empire and securing support from the working class. The health insurance system introduced by Bismarck was groundbreaking for its time, providing a foundation for modern social security systems globally.
In 1883, Bismarck passed the Health Insurance Act, making Germany the first country to adopt a compulsory health insurance program. The law mandated that workers contribute to a health insurance fund, matched by contributions from employers and the government. The system covered various medical services, including medical treatment, sick pay, and maternity benefits.
Bismarck's implementation of universal health care was a pivotal step toward ensuring social protection and improving the overall health and well-being of the German population, setting a precedent for future welfare policies in other nations.
Bismarck's healthcare reforms marked a significant turning point in the history of social welfare. The success of this system in Germany influenced the development of similar models in other countries worldwide. The principles laid down by Bismarck emphasized the importance of social responsibility and collective contributions toward ensuring access to healthcare for all citizens, establishing a legacy that continues to impact health policy discussions globally.
Thus, the correct answer is b. 1871.