Final answer:
The term for the presence of kidney stones is renal calculi, which are solid masses of crystals and minerals that can cause pain when passing through the urinary tract or when they block it.
Step-by-step explanation:
The presence of kidney stones is known as renal calculi. Kidney stones are hard, stone-like masses that can form in one or both kidneys. Also known as nephrolithiasis, when the stones are present in the kidney, or urolithiasis, when located in the bladder, these calculi can vary in size. They are largely composed of calcium salts and other minerals such as Ca(O₂CCO₂) H₂O and Ca₃(PO₄)2.
Symptoms of kidney stones may include severe pain, typically felt in the back or lower abdomen, hematuria (blood in the urine), and sometimes nausea and vomiting. Smaller stones may pass through the urinary tract without causing symptoms, whereas larger ones may cause significant blockages, leading to pain and potential complications. Treatment can include hydration, pain management, and possibly medical procedures such as high-intensity ultrasound or surgery.