Final answer:
The correct answer is option d) Teleconnection.
Step-by-step explanation:
Relatively long-term variations in the planetary circulation are termed oscillations. These include the well-known El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), but there are also other types of oscillations.
In addition to ENSO, there exist teleconnection oscillations, which are patterns of climate anomalies that are related to each other across large distances.
Unlike tropical, meridional, or zonal oscillations, teleconnections can influence weather patterns over thousands of kilometers. Examples of teleconnection patterns include the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), the Pacific North American pattern (PNA), and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO).