Final answer:
In Book 18 of the Iliad, Athena aids Achilles by cloaking him in her aegis, a shimmering, gold-encrusted cloak that functions as a protective breastplate, enhancing his formidable image in battle. The correct answer to the question is option d. Breastplate.
Step-by-step explanation:
In Book 18 of Homer's Iliad, the goddess Athena, known for her wisdom and war prowess, aids Achilles, the Greek hero of unparalleled skill. As Achilles grieves over the death of his beloved friend Patroclus and is filled with rage and a desire for revenge, Athena presents herself to him, providing divine assistance in his time of need.
While Athena is associated with many artifacts throughout Greek mythology, the text of the Iliad specifies that she cloaked Achilles in her shimmering, gold-encrusted aegis, an armor-like cloak or shield that bears the Gorgon's head and represents her protection. This aegis serves to enhance Achilles' already formidable presence on the battlefield.
The correct answer to the question, "In Book 18, what of Athena's artifacts did she cloak Achilles in?" is d. Breastplate, referencing Athena's aegis which often is depicted as functioning as a protective breastplate of sorts. This ancient artifact imbues Achilles with both physical protection and a divine, fearsome appearance, fuelling his resolve to fight the Trojans.