Final answer:
Legally, motorists must adhere to road safety regulations including obeying speed limits, avoiding impaired driving, and not using cell phones while driving. Instances of highway operation that are against the law might include speeding, driving under the influence, and discriminatory traffic stops based on skin color.
Step-by-step explanation:
Driving on a highway or any road necessitates adherence to certain legal requirements and safety protocols. These regulations are crucial to prevent accidents and ensure the safety of all road users. It is unlawful to operate a motor vehicle in ways that contravene these rules, such as speeding, driving under the influence of alcohol, or engaging in distracted driving, which can include using a cell phone while driving.
Considering the fictional scenarios provided, it is important to highlight that violating the speed limit is a common unlawful behavior. Whether it is driving significantly below or above the speed limit, as in the case of Peter finding himself behind a slow driver or the general trend of drivers speeding through an intersection, such actions can lead to hazardous conditions and are legally punishable.
Another severe infraction is driving under the influence of intoxicating liquors, which is not only unlawful but also greatly increases the risk of accidents. Traffic signals and rules, such as stopping at a red light, are designed to regulate traffic flow and increase road safety; however, in certain extreme emergency situations, such as a pregnant woman about to deliver, an argument could be made using Rule Utilitarianism (RU) principles that breaking that specific law could lead to greater overall utility.
Finally, discrimination in traffic stops, such as pulling over drivers because of their skin color, is an illegitimate use of authority. This kind of behavior is not only unethical but also illegal, as it violates the principle of equal treatment under the law.