Final answer:
The correct answer is option D. Cannot be determined.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement implies that citizens of monarchic nations pay more tax than those in republican nations simply because of the presence of a royal family. However, there are various constitutional monarchies where the monarchs have limited powers and the tax rate is determined by the country's economic policies, government spending requirements, and political decisions, rather than the existence of a royal family. Additionally, some republics may have higher tax rates due to their own economic structures and policy choices.
It is also worth noting, there is no clear correlation between being a monarchy and having higher taxes; each country's tax policy is influenced by a multitude of factors. Hence, the assumption that monarchic nations inherently have higher taxes because they are monarchies is not valid without further data, making the correct answer D. Cannot be determined.
About the political systems: Monarchies, where a single person rules usually passed through hereditary succession, can vary from having absolute power to being ceremonial figureheads in a constitutional monarchy. Republican governments, where there is no hereditary ruling class, rely on elected or appointed officials and the principle of popular sovereignty.