Final answer:
Lee-wave clouds typically form on the downwind side of a mountain range due to the 'rain shadow' effect where air descends and stabilizes, creating wave patterns.
Step-by-step explanation:
Lee-wave clouds form on the downwind side of a mountain range. This phenomenon occurs as moist air from the ocean rises over a mountain range, cools, and its water vapor condenses, leading to precipitation on the windward side.
When the air reaches the leeward side of the mountains, it is dry and there is little precipitation, leading to the formation of what is known as a "rain shadow." The clouds that do form on the leeward side are typically a result of the air stabilizing after descending, which can create standing wave patterns known as lee waves.