Final answer:
Cohesin proteins hold sister chromatids together, while condensin proteins help them coil during prophase. Kinetochore microtubules and spindle apparatus are responsible for mitosis, with the cleavage furrow assisting in cytokinesis.
Step-by-step explanation:
Cohesin proteins are crucial in holding sister chromatids together, which is paramount during the cell division processes of mitosis and meiosis. These proteins are particularly important for ensuring accurate chromosome segregation. Condensin proteins assist in the compaction of chromosomes into more dense structures during cell division, by helping sister chromatids coil during prophase of mitosis.
The two types of microtubule assemblies responsible for mitosis and cytokinesis are kinetochore microtubules, which anchor chromosomes to the spindle poles, and the microtubules that form the spindle itself, assisting in the movement and separation of chromatids. During cytokinesis, an actin-based structure called the cleavage furrow forms, ultimately leading to the division of the cytoplasm and the formation of two daughter cells.