Final answer:
The term used to describe two genes that exist on the same chromosome is 'linked genes'. These genes tend to be inherited together during meiosis due to their proximity unless crossing-over separates them. 'Homozygous' and 'heterozygous' are terms describing the types of alleles an individual has for a gene, not their location.
Step-by-step explanation:
Two genes that exist on the same chromosome are referred to as linked genes. These genes are known to have alleles which segregate together during meiosis unless they are separated by the mechanism of crossing-over. Crossing-over is an event during meiosis I where two homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material. The proximity of the two genes greatly affects the likelihood of the alleles being separated during this process. The closer they are, the less likely they will be separated, and thus, they exhibit linkage.
When considering individuals that are homozygous, they have two identical alleles for a given gene, while individuals that are heterozygous possess two different alleles. These terms, however, are distinct from the concept of linkage, which refers to the physical location of genes on the chromosome rather than the specific alleles an individual carries.